Online sanskrit classes - day 22 pdf download

Table of Numerals. Name Sym. The "Darshana Shastras" place specific emphasis on this eternal connection between a word and its meaning. What the Samskritarians have proceeded on is the conviction that the Vedic language is the universal and natural language.

There is no place for any other language in this scheme! We have observed that in Sanskrit there are three numbers, namely Singular, Dual and Plural. The Dual form is unique to Sanskrit though one does encounter the dual form in Arabic and Avestan. In a later lesson, when we study cases, we will see that every noun will have a form for each of the eight cases that a noun can be used in.

With three numbers and eight cases, there will be 24 forms for each noun. The forms are easily remembered. Each verb will be remembered in nine forms, three forms each singular, dual and plural for first person, second person and third person.

The personal pronouns I and you do not have any gender. There are three forms for each of the demonstrative pronouns he, she and this. This lesson deals with elementary conversation. Here, we introduce a family of four. A couple and their two children. The elder of the children is the son. Oh Dharma! Have you brushed your teeth? Where is the toothpaste?

You both drink your milk. Yamuna, see if the Newspaper has been delivered. One by one, take bath. Come, Yamuna. Let us offer our morning prayers. Again, one should note the correct translation here and not do a literal translation of the words. Come, all of you. Breakfast has been set. What have you made for breakfast? Dosa and sambar. Mother, give me some more sambar. Please note the informal request. This is the usual manner in which one requests for additional serving.

The formal "may I have some more sambar" is never used in Indian homes. I have a special class in the college so I am hurrying. Drive the vehicle carefully. Please, take lead Yamuna to the school bus. This is common practice in India. Damayanthi, I will be late in the evening. There is a meeting in the office. See you.

This is not an akshara that is part of the language. It is known as the "avagraha". In Maths, I am the first. Oh, good! Mother, today we had a special lecture in college. A professor from Germany came. He lectured on chemistry. Where is father? No, he will be a little late. Mother, Father is back. I am very tired. Bring warm water. I will take bath. Where is te soap? Come all. Let us have our dinner. What is for dinner? Cooked rice, lentils, vegetables and curds. Past tense itself will be discussed in a future lesson.

For many verbs, the addition of Aa as a prefix results in the action taking place in the reverse direction. Here are some more examples. The following words, used in the lesson are in the imperative.

The imperative form of the causative is also conjugated similar to ny in the above table. In a simple sentence , there are three parts. Verb - The part that tells us something about the person or thing, such as what the person is doing. Object - The person or thing that the action specified by the verb relates to. In a simple sentence in English, the verb and the object together form the predicate.

Also in English, the object almost always follows the verb. In Sanskrit, the verb usually comes at the end. A number of words which qualify as the object for a simple sentence are also given.

You can try and form sentences by selecting suitable combinations of the subject, object and verb. Look up the meanings of the words in the glossary attached to this lesson. You will observe that arbitrary combinations of the above will not make sense! In the middle ring of the chart, you will find several indeclinable words. You will have a question. The first set relates to time, i. Consider the example, Q. Now for the exercises. In answering the above, choose from the following words.

An example is given. The verbs used in the above are fromthe following list. Use the appropriate verb. Study the example given. Filling in the correct form is easy if we remember the changes required in the ending of the verb from first person singular to second person singular.

The rule is Look at the example. The required words will be found in the following list. The required verbs are in the following list.

For answers choose from the following. Change the following into second person imperative. The corrrect verbs are in the following list. Answers are from the following. Select the suitable conjuagtion of the verb from the choices given in parantheses. It is hereby taught. So it is Siksha. The pronounciation of the words is taught hereby. Siksha is the first vedanga among the six. Ravi and Soman. This lesson continues in the same style as lesson The student is introduced to new words and expressions through a conversation between two friends.

Ravi, and Soman are in conversation. They are old schoolmates meeting in their home town Madras, after a span of a year. Ravi had continued school in Madras while Soman had gone to a school in Srinagar, a city in the state of Jammu and Kashmir, in the northern part of India.

Soma, where are you staying these days now? I am staying in Sringar and studying at the Central School in Srinagar. You are studying in Srinagr. Yes, it is very beautiful, especially in Spring. Wherever you look, the flowers blossm forth. Here of course it always summer. How is it in Srinagar in Summer? Even in Summer it is the air is pleasant. In summer, the snow melts in the Himalayas, so the rivers are full with water.

We drink pure water. But it does not rain much there. It rains a lot in Madras. Sometimes it rains very much. Especially on Full-moon nights. There everywhere, the apple trees are full of apples.

Kashmir apples are very tasty and famous. Is the weather in Kashmir always pleasant? No, during winter it is extremly cold. Then there is snowfall and so movement becomes difficult. But during winter it is very pleasant in Madras. Not only pleasant to stay but also it is the time for classical music. Famous singers as well as artists dancers etc. How is it there during the rainy season? But at that time there is a rare sight in Kashmir. Is it so? How far is Pahalgaon? How to go reach there? What is special?

Pahalgaon is 25 KM from Srinagar. Those who can, climb the mountain by foot. If not otherwise they go on horseback. On top of the mountain, there is a lingam formed of snow. Is it very big? During the month of Sravana July-Aug. Thereafter the formation shrinks decreases in size Viewing it the lingam is possible only during the Sravana month July - August.

Points relating to Grammar. Let us examine some of the expressions introduced in this lesson. These are often heard during conversations and are found in written Sanskrit as well. In english we may see an equivalent.

When the sun rises, darkness vanishes. Here is another example. When there is heavy snowfall, then movement becomes more difficult. This expression may also be used in the negative. When it rains heavily, then the plane does not land. Literally, the landing of the place does not take place 2. Not only is Sanskrit an old language but a modern one too. Take as much money as required.

Where there is smoke, there is fire. Wherever there is truth, there is victory. One who has long arms is Rama. One who is beautiful is Sita. That which is true is good beneficial 6. Rama , Kesava and Hari are going to the forest. Rama and Kesava and Hari are going to the forest.

This usage is not common however. The word ev here adds some sort of emphasis to the sentence. The college is nearby only 9. At: - Therefore This word is used in the sense of therefore. I have fever, therfore so I am not going to college. Often in India people say " I have fever " though one should probably say "I am running temperature" Directions and Positions.

We have tried to give an impression of depth through the dotted line in the picture. Please view the picture as a representation of positions in three dimensions. The questions given below relate to the conversation in the lesson. You will be able to answer them if you have understood the sentences spoken. Fill up the blanks with appropriate indeclinables.

Please note that more than one word will be required but there are choices. Based on the meaning of the indeclinable, select the appropriate combination for each sentence. The indeclinables which will fit the above properly are to be selected fro the following list. You should first understand the sentences and from the context select the required indeclinables. The meanings of all the different words are either known to you already from earlier lessons or may be looked up in the glossary.

Fill up the blanks by selecting words from the list below. Exercise 7. Below you will see many questions. Understand the questions and in the process, improve your vocabulary. Exercise 8. Use the following words in appropriate places. Now you should try and form more sentences with additional words.

Your vocabulary would have improved considerably in going through this lesson. Forming sentences with indeclinables. The table below can provide many sentences.

Choose a subject, the corresponding verb on the same line as the subject and an indeclinable. You will be able to make many sentences. Here are many sentences that require the use of yda tda. Exercise Here are some sentences for you to understand the use of yavt Figure out where these should be added in the sentences.

The following sentences help you inderstand the use of n kEvl Here is a chart containing nouns, a verb and many indeclinables. By selecting a noun and an indeclinable, you can form a short sentence with the verb.

Try and form as many sentences as you can. If you have a liking for mathematical work, try and figure out how many different sentences you can make and how many of them will correctly convey a meaning. Each season lasts between 55 and 65 days. According to the ancient texts, the duration of each season is fixed at a specific value in the range given above. The seasons Spring, Summer and winter generally fall within the corresponding ones observed in the west The words give below are in the order in which they are seen in the text of the lesson.

Verb in present tense, plural. More indeclinables may be found in the section on indeclinables. Indeclinables remain the same i. Hence they can be easily used in sentences and remembered as well. We have already discussed in an earlier lesson lesson-2 one uses numbers from one to nine. In this lesson we will see how one would handle larger numbers. First we introduce Zero, the number whose use from very early periods is credited to India. Thus one can, in principle say a number by just expressing the digits making up the number, much the same way one would do with telephone numbers.

Literally five and twenty above hundred is the translation. This system is followed for all numbers above When we were preparing this note it was still The list below gives the Sanskrit equivalents for numbers between 0 and The conversation here relates to different aspects of daily routines and will introduce the student to new words. Much of the conversation continues to be simple, most of it being in the present tense. Some expressions of common use are introduced and these will help the student form short sentences to convey simple ideas.

This will constitute the very first step towards speaking Sanskrit. They have studied together in the U. Hello, is this ? Is it Vishnu Industries? Is Hari there? What is meant is, I will connect him to you. What the Operator says she will give is the connection. Hey Hari! Do you remember me? Hey, who? Where from? New York? No, here only, at Chennai. I have come down for business. Where are you put up staying? Do you have time today? Greetings, my name is Tom.

I have come to see Hari. Go South and the first room on the East. Tom, come, come, sit down. What will you drink, coffee or tea? Is Sarah well? Bill should be must be five years old, no? Yes, all are well. Bill goes to school. What about you? I am still a bachelor. Alright, let us go somewhere. There is much to talk. Reaching there we shall chat. Do you remember our visit to Miami Beach? I think Chennai beach is more beautiful.

It is well known that Chennai beach is the most beautiful in India. Look, the waves reach the shore and return. Look, the bubbles dance in the waves. Tom, sunrise here is very beautiful, therefore worth seeing. Let us go home. Dinner is at my home only.

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Hence, there is a need that all the students appearing in the Term-l examinations and the schools sponsoring these students should have Last year CBSE had to reduce the syllabus because of the pandemic situation but it was not very effective because there were no examinations.

This year to avoid any confusion and conflict, CBSE has decided to reduce the syllabus into term 1 and term 2. Download solutions for Disclaimer: Comments will be moderated by Jagranjosh editorial team. Comments that are abusive, personal, incendiary or irrelevant will not be published.

Please use a genuine email ID and provide your name, to avoid rejection. Comments sharad chauhan 2 days ago. Also download collection of CBSE books for Download latest curriculum with important topics, chapter weightage, topic wise You can easily access the links above and download the Class 12 books in Sanskrit for each chapter. Yes - Apart from Class 12 Sanskrit you can download books and solutions for all other subjects in Class 12 in both English and Hindi Medium for current year.

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