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This document describes the lists of resources for information on how to integrate Cisco Identity Services Engine ISE with various products from Cisco and other partners or vendors. Refer to the official list of Cisco Security Technical Alliance Program Partners for additional product integrations that might not be documented here.

Consult with the partner for their documentation about how to integrate with ISE. Also refer to Cisco Technical Alliance Partners. Identity Bridge - a configuration guide is posted at the bottom of their marketing page. For instance, it could provide a significant clue for username and passwords. In addition, it can also indicate a particular individual's interest outside of work. A good place to location this type of information is within discussion groups Newsgroups, Mailing lists, forums, chat rooms, etc.

The ability to locate personal domains that belong to target employees can yield additional information such as potential usernames and passwords.

It is not uncommon for individuals to create and publish audio files and videos. While these may be seem insignificant, they can yield additional information about a particular individual's interest outside of work. There are times when we will be unable to access web site information due to the fact that the content may no longer be available from the original source. Being able to access archived copies of this information allows access to past information.

There are several ways to access this archived information. The primary means is to utilize the cached results under Google's cached results. Collection of electronic data in direct response to reconnaissance and intelligence gathering should be focused on the target business or individual. Publicly available documents should be gathered for essential data date, time, location specific information, language, and author. Data collected could provide insight into the current environment, operational procedures, employee training, and human resources.

Identifying Metadata is possible using specialized search engine. The goal is to identify data that is relevant to the target corporation. It may be possible to identify locations, hardware, software and other relevant data from Social Networking posts.

Some search engines that provide the ability to search for Metadata are as follows:. In addition to search engines, several tools exist to collect files and gather information from various documents. FOCA is a tool that reads metadata from a wide range of document and media formats. FOCA pulls the relevant usernames, paths, software versions, printer details, and email addresses.

This can all be performed without the need to individually download files. This allows for slightly over potential queries available to discover additional information. The specific queries scanned as well as the results of the queries are shown. To access the results of a query, simply double-click on the link provided to open in a browser. Metagoofil is a Linux based information gathering tool designed for extracting metadata of public documents.

Metagoofil generates an html results page with the results of the metadata extracted, plus a list of potential usernames that could prove useful for brute force attacks.

It also extracts paths and MAC address information from the metadata. Metagoofil has a few options available, but most are related to what specifically you want to target as well the number of results desired. Exif Reader is image file analysis software for Windows. It analyzes and displays the shutter speed, flash condition, focal length, and other image information included in the Exif image format which is supported by almost all the latest digital cameras.

ExifTool supports a wide range of file formats. On-Site visits also allow assessment personnel to observe and gather information about the physical, environmental, and operational security of the target. Once the physical locations have been identified, it is useful to identify the adjacent facilities. Adjacent facilities should be documented and if possible, include any observed shared facilities or services.

Covert Physical security inspections are used to ascertain the security posture of the target. These are conducted covertly, clandestinely and without any party knowing they are being inspected. Observation is the key component of this activity. Physical security measures that should be observed include physical security equipment, procedures, or devices used to protect from possible threats.

A physical security inspection should include, but is not limited to the following:. Observing security guards or security officer is often the first step in assessing the most visible deterrence. Security guards are uniformed and act to protect property by maintaining a high visibility presence to deter illegal and inappropriate actions. By observing security guard movements directly it is possible to determine procedures in use or establish movement patterns.

You will need to observe what the security guards are protecting. It is possible to utilize binoculars to observe any movement from a safe distance. Some security guards are trained and licensed to carry firearms for their own safety and for personnel they are entrusted to protect. The use of firearms by security guards should not be a surprise, if noted. This should be documented prior to beginning the engagement.

If firearms are observed, ensure that precaution is taken not to take any further action unless specifically authorized and trained to do so. Badge usage refers to a physical security method that involves the use of identification badges as a form of access control. Badging systems may be tied to a physical access control system or simply used as a visual validation mechanism. Observing individual badge usage is important to document.

By observing, badge usage it may be possible to actually duplicate the specific badge being utilized. The specific items that should be noted are if the badge is required to be visible or shown to gain physical access to the property or facility.

Badge usage should be documented and if possible, include observed validation procedures. A locking device is a mechanical or electronic mechanism often implemented to prevent unauthorized ingress or egress. These can be as simple as a door lock, dead-bolt, or complex as a cipher lock. Observing the type and placement location of the locking devices on doors it is possible to determine if the door in primarily used for ingress or egress. You will need to observe what the locking devices are protecting.

All observations should be documented prior, and if possible photographs taken. Security lighting is often used as a preventative and corrective measure on a physical piece of property. Security lighting may aid in the detection of intruders, act as deterrence to intruders, or in some cases simply to increase the feeling of safety.

Security lighting is often an integral component to the environmental design of a facility. Security lighting includes floodlights and low pressure sodium vapor lights. Most Security lighting that is intended to be left on all night is of the high-intensity discharge lamp variety. Other lights may be activated by sensors such as passive infrared sensors PIRs , turning on only when a person or other mammal approaches. PIR activated lamps will usually be incandescent bulbs so that they can activate instantly; energy saving is less important since they will not be on all the time.

PIR sensor activation can increase both the deterrent effect since the intruder knows that he has been detected and the detection effect since a person will be attracted to the sudden increase in light. Some PIR units can be set up to sound a chime as well as turn on the light.

Most modern units have a photocell so that they only turn on when it is dark. While adequate lighting around a physical structure is deployed to reduce the risk of an intrusion, it is critical that the lighting be implemented properly as poorly arranged lighting can actually obstruct viewing the facility they're designed to protect. Security lighting may be subject to vandalism, possibly to reduce its effectiveness for a subsequent intrusion attempt.

Thus security lights should either be mounted very high, or else protected by wire mesh or tough polycarbonate shields. Other lamps may be completely recessed from view and access, with the light directed out through a light pipe, or reflected from a polished aluminum or stainless steel mirror. For similar reasons high security installations may provide a stand-by power supply for their security lighting. Observe and document the type, number, and locations of security lighting in use.

While it might not be possible to determine the specific camera type being utilized or even the area of coverage it is possible to identify areas with or without limited coverage. Additionally, a physically unprotected camera may be subject to blurring or blocking the image by spraying substances or obstructing the lens.

Access control refers to the practice of restricting entrance to a property, a building, or a room to authorized persons. Access control can be achieved by a human a security guard, or receptionist , through mechanical means such as locks and keys, or through technological means such as access control systems like the Access control vestibule. Access control devices historically were accomplished through keys and locks. Electronic access control use is widely being implemented to replace mechanical keys.

Access control readers are generally classified as Basic, Semi-intelligent, and Intelligent. A basic access control reader simply reads a card number or PIN and forward it to a control panel. Semi-intelligent readers have inputs and outputs necessary to control door hardware lock, door contact, exit button , but do not make any access decisions.

Intelligent readers have all the inputs and outputs necessary to control door hardware while having the memory and the processing power necessary to make access decisions independently of each other.

Some readers may have additional features such as an LCD and function buttons for data collection purposes i. Observe and document the type, number, and locations of access control devices in use. Environmental design involves the surrounding environmental of a building, or facility. In the scope of Physical security, environmental design includes facilities geography, landscape, architecture, and exterior design.

Observing the facilities and surrounding areas can highlight potential areas of concern such as potential obscured areas due to geography and landscaping. Architecture and exterior design can impact the ability of security guards to protect property by creating areas of low or no-visibility.

In addition, the placement of fences, storage containers, security guard shacks, barricades and maintenance areas could also prove useful in the ability move around a facility in a covert manner. Observing employees is often the one of the easier steps to perform. Employee actions generally provide insight into any corporate behaviors or acceptable norms. By observing, employees it is possible to determine procedures in use or establish ingress and egress traffic patterns.

Traditionally, most targets dispose of their trash in either garbage cans or dumpsters. These may or may not be separated based upon the recyclability of the material. The act of dumpster diving is the practice of sifting through commercial or residential trash to find items that have been discarded by their owners, but which may be useful. This is often times an extremely dirty process that can yield significant results.

Dumpsters are usually located on private premises and therefore may subject the assessment team to potentially trespassing on property not owned by the target. Though the law is enforced with varying degrees of rigor, ensure that this is authorized as part of the engagement. Dumpster diving per se is often legal when not specifically prohibited by law. Rather than take the refuse from the area, it is commonly accepted to simply photograph the obtained material and then return it to the original dumpster.

A band is a section of the spectrum of radio communication frequencies, in which channels are usually used or set aside for the same purpose. To prevent interference and allow for efficient use of the radio spectrum, similar services are allocated in bands of non-overlapping ranges of frequencies.

As a matter of convention, bands are divided at wavelengths of 10 n meters, or frequencies of 3? These are the parts of the radio spectrum, and not its frequency allocation.

Each of these bands has a basic band plan which dictates how it is to be used and shared, to avoid interference, and to set protocol for the compatibility of transmitters and receivers. The chart below illustrates the current band plans. To avoid confusion, there are two bands that we could focus on our efforts on. The band plans that would in of interest to an attacker are indicated in the following chart.

A Radio Frequency RF site survey or wireless survey, sometimes called a wireless site survey, is the process of determining the frequencies in use within a given environment. When conducting a RF site survey, it's very important to identify an effective range boundary, which involves determining the SNR at various points around a facility.

To expedite the process, all frequencies in use should be determined prior to arrival. Particular attention should be paid to security guards, and frequencies that the target is licensed to use. Several resources exist to assist in acquiring this information:.

At a minimum a search engine Google, Bing, and Yahoo! A frequency counter is an electronic instrument that is used for measuring the number of oscillations or pulses per second in a repetitive electronic signal. Using a Frequency counter or spectrum analyzer it is possible to identify the transmitting frequencies in use around the target facility.

Common frequencies include the following:. A spectrum analyzer can be used to visually illustrate the frequencies in use. These are usually targeting specific ranges that are generally more focused than a frequency counter.

Below is an output from a spectrum analyzer that can clearly illustrate the frequencies in use. The sweep range for this analyzer is MHz.

As part of the on-site survey, all radios and antennas in use should be identified. Including radio make and model as well as the length and type of antennas utilized. A few good resources are available to help you identify radio equipment:. Identifying For visual identification, most vendor websites can be searched to identify the specific make and model of the equipment in use.

In a passive manner, it is possible to identify at the manufacturer based upon data collected from RF emissions. The tools required to enumerate this information are highlighted as follows. Airmon-ng is used to enable monitor mode on wireless interfaces. It may also be used to go back from monitor mode to managed mode. It is important to determine if our USB devices are properly detected.

For this we can use lsusb, to list the currently detected USB devices. Now that we have determined that our distribution recognizes the installed devices, we need to determine if the wireless adapter is already in monitor mode by running. Airodump-ng is part of the Aircrack-ng is a network software suite. Airodump-ng is used for packet capture of raw If you have a GPS receiver connected to the computer, Airodump-ng is capable of logging the coordinates of the found APs. Before running Airodump-ng, start the Airmon-ng script to list the detected wireless interfaces.

Kismet-newcore is a network detector, packet sniffer, and intrusion detection system for Kismet will work with any wireless card which supports raw monitoring mode, and can sniff Kismet identifies networks by passively collecting packets and detecting standard named networks, detecting and given time, decloaking hidden networks, and inferring the presence of nonbeaconing networks via data traffic.

Kismet has to be configured to work properly. First, we need to determine if it is already in monitor mode by running:. Kismet is able to use more than one interface like Airodump-ng. For each adapter, add a source line into kismet. Note: By default kismet stores its capture files in the directory where it is started. These captures can be used with Aircrack-ng. As described earlier Kismet consists of three components and the initial screen informs us that we need to either start the Kismet server or choose to use a server that has been started elsewhere.

For our purposes. As referenced earlier, we created a monitor sub-interface from our wireless interface. For our purposes, we will enter "mon0", though your interface may have a completely different name.

When Kismet server and client are running properly then wireless networks should start to show up. We have highlighted a WEP enabled network. There are numerous sorting options that you can choose from. We will not cover all the functionality of Kismet at this point, but if you're not familiar with the interface you should play with it until you get comfortable. If you are used to using Netstumbler you may be disappointed to hear that it doesn't function properly with Windows Vista and 7 bit.

That being said, all is not lost as there is an alternative that is compatible with Windows XP, Vista and 7 32 and bit. The External Footprinting phase of Intelligence Gathering involves collecting response results from a target based upon direct interaction from an external perspective.

The goal is to gather as much information about the target as possible. For external footprinting, we first need to determine which one of the WHOIS servers contains the information we're after. Given that we should know the TLD for the target domain, we simply have to locate the Registrar that the target domain is registered with.

WHOIS information is based upon a tree hierarchy. Once the appropriate Registrar was queried we can obtain the Registrant information. There are numerous sites that offer WHOIS information; however for accuracy in documentation, you need to use only the appropriate Registrar.

The active footprinting phase of Intelligence Gathering involves gathering response results from a target based upon direct interaction. There are numerous tools available to test the ability to perform a DNS zone transfer. Tools commonly used to perform zone transfers are host, dig, and nmap. Reverse DNS can be used to obtain valid server names in use within an organizational.

If it does resolve then the results are returned. This is usually performed by testing the server with various IP addresses to see if it returns any results. After identifying all the information that is associated with the client domain s , it is now time to begin to query DNS.

Since DNS is used to map IP addresses to hostnames, and vice versa we will want to see if it is insecurely configure. We will seek to use DNS to reveal additional information about the client. There are several tools that we can use to enumerate DNS to not only check for the ability to perform zone transfers, but to potentially discover additional host names that are not commonly known.

For DNS enumeration, there are two tools that are utilized to provide the desired results. The first that we will focus on is named Fierce2. As you can probably guess, this is a modification on Fierce. Fierce2 has lots of options, but the one that we want to focus on attempts to perform a zone transfer. If that is not possible, then it performs DNS queries using various server names in an effort to enumerate the host names that have been registered. There is a common prefix called common-tla.

This can be found at the following URL:. As you can probably guess, this is very similar to Fierce2. DNSEnum offers the ability to enumerate DNS through brute forcing subdomains, performing reverse lookups, listing domain network ranges, and performing whois queries. It also performs Google scraping for additional names to query. Again, there is a common prefix wordlist that has been composed to utilize as a list when enumerating any DNS entries.

The options are relatively simple, but simply specify the domain and a dictionary-file. Nmap runs on both Linux and Windows. Nmap is available in both command line and GUI versions.

For the sake of this document, we will only cover the command line. Nmap has dozens of options available. Since this section is dealing with port scanning, we will focus on the commands required to perform this task.

It is important to note that the commands utilized depend mainly on the time and number of hosts being scanned. The more hosts or less time that you have to perform this tasks, the less that we will interrogate the host. This will become evident as we continue to discuss the options. The command that will be utilized is as follows:. On large IP sets, those greater than IP addresses, do not specify a port range.

It should be noted that Nmap has limited options for IPv6. SNMP sweeps are performed too as they offer tons of information about a specific system. The SNMP protocol is a stateless, datagram oriented protocol.

This means that "no response" from a probed IP address can mean either of the following:. This can be used to assist an attacker in fingerprint the SMTP server as SMTP server information, including software and versions, may be included in a bounce message.

Banner Grabbing is an enumeration technique used to glean information about computer systems on a network and the services running its open ports. Banner grabbing is used to identify network the version of applications and operating system that the target host are running. Tools commonly used to perform banner grabbing are Telnet, nmap, and Netcat. The Internal Footprinting phase of Intelligence Gathering involves gathering response results from a target based upon direct interaction from an internal perspective.

Active footprinting begins with the identification of live systems. This is usually performed by conducting a Ping sweep to determine which hosts respond. Alive6 offers numerous options, but can be simply run by just specifying the interface. This returns all the IPv6 systems that are live on the local-link. On large IP sets, those greater than IP addresses do not specify a port range.

Active footprinting can also be performed to a certain extent through Metasploit. Please refer to the Metasploit Unleashed course for more information on this subject. Tools commonly used to perform zone transfers are host, dig and nmap.

Tools commonly used to perform banner grabbing are Telnet, nmap, netcat and netca6 IPv6. VoIP mapping is where we gather information about the topology, the servers and the clients.

There are several tools available to help us identify and enumerate VoIP enabled devices. SMAP usage is as follows:. SIPScan is another scanner for sip enabled devices that can scan a single host or an entire subnet. The goal is to identify valid usernames or extensions of SIP devices.

There are many tools that can be utilized to enumerate SIP devices. Svwar is also a tool from the sipvicious suite allows to enumerate extensions by using a range of extensions or using a dictionary file svwar supports all the of the three extension enumeration methods as mentioned above, the default method for enumeration is REGISTER.

Svwar usage is as follows:. If you've identified an Asterisk server is in use, you need to utilize a username guessing tool such as enumIAX to enumerate Asterisk Exchange protocol usernames.

Performing packet sniffing allows for the collection IP addresses and MAC addresses from systems that have packet traffic in the stream being analyzed. For the most part, packet sniffing is difficult to detect and so this form of recon is essentially passive and quite stealthy.

By collecting and analyzing a large number of packets it becomes possible to fingerprint the operating system and the services that are running on a given device. It may also be possible to grab login information, password hashes, and other credentials from the packet stream. Telnet and older versions of SNMP pass credentials in plain text and are easily compromised with sniffing. Packet sniffing can also be useful in determining which servers act as critical infrastructure and therefore are of interest to an attacker.

Vulnerability Analysis is used to identify and evaluate the security risks posed by identified vulnerabilities. Vulnerability analysis work is divided into two areas: Identification and validation. Vulnerability discovery effort is the key component of the Identification phase.

Validation is reducing the number of identified vulnerabilities to only those that are actually valid. An automated scanner is designed to assess networks, hosts, and associated applications. There are a number of types of automated scanners available today, some focus on particular targets or types of targets.

The core purpose of an automated scanner is the enumeration of vulnerabilities present on networks, hosts, and associated applications. The Open Vulnerability Assessment System OpenVAS is a framework of several services and tools offering a comprehensive and powerful vulnerability scanning and vulnerability management solution. OpenVAS is a fork of Nessus that allows free development of a non-proprietary tool.

To start the Scanner, simply run openvassd from the command line. If you created a certificate then you supply it as well. You will then be presented with a certificate to accept. Click yes to continue. This could take a while depending upon the number of plugins that need to be downloaded. For example:. The General section covers all the general scan options. See Appendix A for the specific settings. Article Number. Details Description.

The goal of this article is to use the API to export scan results from Nessus. For the purpose of this article, all instructions will be provided using the interactive API guide although it is completely optional. Note : Beginning with Nessus Professional version 7, some endpoints- such as those used to create and launch scans- are no longer available from the API.

This only impacts Nessus Professional. More information about this can be found here. Part 1: Get the Scan ID: 1. A list of folders will be outputted, all with an id number. Towards the bottom is another testing form. Integration of mechanical, software and electronic systems technologies for vehicle systems.

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